1984 By George Orwell - With Outline Essays - Nineteen Eighty-Four

1984 by George Orwell - with Outline 1984 by George Orwell Outline Thesis Statement- This paper will examine how George Orwell wrote 1984 as a political statement against totalitarianism. I Introduction II Summary of 1984 III Roles of major Charters A. Big Brother B. Winston C. O'Brien D. Julia E. Shop owner IV Propaganda A. Ministry of Truth B. Ministry of Love V Orwell's thoughts on Totalitarianism A. From life experiences B. From a writers point of view VI Conclusion Introduction "Orwell observed that every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism, as I understand it" ("George Orwell"). George Orwell has been a major contributor to anticommunist literature around the World War II period. Orwell lived in England during World War II, a time when the totalitarianism state, Nazi Germany, was at war with England and destroyed the city of London. " I know that building' said Winston finally. Its a ruin now. It's in the middle of the street outside the Palace of Justice.' That's right. Outside the Law Courts. It was bombed in-oh many years ago'" (Orwell 83). This reflects Orwell's own life experiences as a citizen in war torn England and how he uses this in 1984. George Orwell is famous for two major novels which attack totalitarianism. The first is Animal Farm a satire describing the leaders of the Soviet Union as animals on an animal farm. The seco nd novel is 1984 a story of dictators who are in complete control of a large part of the world after the Allies lost in World War II . The government in this novel gives no freedoms to its citizens. They live in fear because they are afraid of having bad thoughts about the government of Oceania, a crime punishable by death. This is the gem in Orwell's collection of novels against totalitarianism. This paper will show how George Orwell wrote 1984 as a political statement against totalitarianism. 1984 is about life in a world where no personal freedoms exist. Winston the main character, is a man of 39 who is not extraordinary in either intelligence or character, but is disgusted with the world he lives in. He works in the Ministry of Truth, a place where history and the truth is rewritten to fit the party's beliefs. Winston is aware of the untruths, because he makes them true. This makes him very upset with the government of Oceania, where Big Brother, a larger than life figure, contr ols the people. His dissatisfaction increases to a point where he rebels against the government in small ways. Winston's first act of rebellion is buying and writing in a diary. This act is known as a thought crime and is punishable by death. A thought crime is any bad thought against the government of Oceania. Winston commits many thought crimes and becomes paranoid about being caught, which he knows is inevitable (Greenblast 113). He becomes paranoid because he is followed by a young woman who is actively involved in many community groups. Winston is obsessed with the past, a time before Oceania was under strict dictatorship. He goes into an antique shop and buys a shell covered in glass which is another crime punishable by death. He sees the same woman following him. Many thoughts race through his mind "I wanted to rape you and then murder you afterwards. Two weeks ago I thought seriously of smashing your head in with a cobblestone. If you really want to know, I imagined that you had something to do with the Thought Police" (Orwell 101). The girl who was following him slipped him a note while at work. The note said "I love you"(90). They make plans to meet each other and carry on an illegal love affair. This love affair is another rebellion against the government. It goes on for some time. Winston rents a room where he and Julia can be secluded from the outside world. They meet a man named O'Brien who indicates that he is another revolutionary. Winston and Julia go to his house to meet with him. O'Brien gives than a seditious book to read. Soon after that, they are caught by the Thought Police and never see each other again. O'Brien,

William Lyon Mackenzie King, Canadian Prime Minister

William Lyon Mackenzie King, Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King (December 17, 1874–July 22, 1950) was prime minister of Canada on and off for a total of 22 years. A compromiser and conciliator, Mackenzie King- as he was more simply known- was mild-mannered and had a bland public personality. The private personality of Mackenzie King was more exotic, as his diaries show. A devout Christian, he believed in an afterlife, and consulted fortune tellers, communicated with his dead relatives in seances, and pursued psychical research. Mackenzie King was also extremely superstitious. Mackenzie King followed the political path set by Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier in emphasizing national unity. He also started a Canadian Liberal tradition of his own by setting Canada on the road toward social welfare. Fast Facts: Mackenzie King Known For: Longest-serving prime minister of CanadaBorn: December 17, 1874 in Kitchener, Ontario, CanadaParents: John King and Isabel Grace Mackenzie.Died: July 22, 1950  in Chelsea, Quebec, CanadaEducation: University College, Toronto, Osgoode Hall Law School, University of Chicago, Harvard University  Published Works:  Industry and Humanity, extensive diariesAwards and Honors:  MacKenzie received many honorary degrees and national and international honors. He is also the namesake for numerous roads, schools, and other public institutions.Notable Quote: Where there is little or no public opinion, there is likely to be bad government, which sooner or later becomes autocratic government. Early Life Mackenzie King was born into a struggling middle-class family. His maternal grandfather, whose name he bore, had been a leader of the Canadian Rebellion of 1837, which aimed to establish self-government in Upper Canada. As a boy, the younger Mackenzie was encouraged to follow in his grandfathers footsteps. King was an outstanding student; he attended the University of Toronto and then went on to earn advanced degrees there and at the University of Chicago, Harvard University, and the London School of Economics. Early Career King was offered an academic position at Harvard but turned it down. Instead, he accepted the position of deputy minister of labor in Ottawa, where he developed a talent for mediating labor disputes. In 1908, King resigned from his position to run as the liberal candidate for Parliament, representing North Waterloo (his birthplace). He was elected in 1908 and was quickly given the position of minister of labor by Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier. Laurier, however, was defeated in 1909, after which King took a post with the Rockefeller Foundation in the United States. Kings work involved investigation of industrial relations in the U.S. and it resulted in the publication of his 1918 book, Industry and Humanity. Elected Prime Minister of Canada In 1919, Lauriers death left an opening for King to be named the leader of the Liberal Party. In 1921, he became prime minister- although his government was made up largely of conservatives. A master mediator, King was able to muster a vote of confidence. Despite this success, however, a scandal led to Kings resignation in 1926. Just a few months later, after the new Conservative government failed, King once again became prime minister. He quickly took a leading role in securing the equality of self-governing nations of the British Empire (the Commonwealth). Second Stint as Prime Minister In 1930, King once again lost the election and, instead of leading Canada as its prime minister, he led the opposition throughout the Great Depression. In 1935, he was once again elected prime minister in a landslide victory and continued in that role until his 1948 retirement. He led his nation through World War II and, following his resignation, continued to sit as a member of Parliament. Louis St. Laurent took over as leader of the Liberal Party and Prime Minister of Canada in 1948. Some of Kings accomplishments included: Development of social programs such as unemployment insurance, old age pensions, welfare, and the family allowance.Leading Canada through World War II, surviving a conscription crisis that split Canada along English French lines.Introducing the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP), which trained more than 130,000 aircrew members in Canada for the Allied war effort. King continues to hold the record for the most elections to the position of prime minister of Canada: he was elected six times. Kings Published Diaries While King was seen as a rather dull but competent bachelor and statesman throughout his life, in the 1970s his personal diaries began to appear in print. These provided a very different view of the man. Specifically, they revealed that Kings personal life was quite different from his public persona. In fact, he was a spiritualist who believed it was possible to talk with the dead through a medium. According to his diaries, King frequently worked with mediums to contact his dead friends and relatives. According to the Canadian Broadcasting Company, Thousands of pages of diaries, spanning half a century, exposed him as an oddball and eccentric- a lifelong bachelor who was extremely close to his mother, adored his dog, availed himself of hookers, and communed with the spiritual world. Death King died of pneumonia at the age of 75 on July 22, 1950, at Kingsmere. He was in the process of writing his memoirs. He is buried near his mother at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Toronto.   Legacy King was a consummate politician and deal maker with the ability to mediate agreements between disparate groups over the course of decades. While not the nations most exciting leader, his longevity and consistency helped mold Canada into the nation it is today. Sources Pickersgill, John Whitney. â€Å"W.L. Mackenzie King.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 13 Dec. 2018.â€Å"Unbuttoned: A History of Mackenzie Kings Secret Life. CBC.ca, 24 Aug. 2018.â€Å"William Lyon Mackenzie King.†Ã‚  The Canadian Encyclopedia.

IKEA Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IKEA Company - Essay Example The company had a trend of keeping culture; this was followed an upheld the through hiring young people who had never worked in any of the companies. In some other countries such as in the UK Company’s growth was reported to be slow (Haskel and Wolf). From opening branches in the foreign countries, the company acquired some valuable lessons that enabled its future expanding. So far the company has identified India to be its largest target market, and it is planning to invest billions of dollars by opening more stores.Basing focus on the concept and the business model of this company, it has a target with middle level global and also looking for prices for the design of their furniture and household items (Haskel and Wolf). The designation of the products is done to reflect on the global line that is vital and that they can be used as the trademark for the firm. Finding the right supplier for each item is a consideration that the company is devoted to winning competitive advant age over it, competitors. To be outstanding in the market, good relationship with the suppliers plays a vital role. Self-provision is an establishment that the IKEA Company has put into practice in the period of half century. Globally, the firm has become the most successful retail establishment in the world. The numerous foreign markets and the lessons that were learned have propelled its expansion from its failures. In the period of 1970s, the company had a competitive advantage over other firms that generated the same product.

Television Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Television - Essay Example Eventually, this lead to cable TV programming where people actually paid for cable TV to avoid the low quality programming running on the standard television. Satellite TV programming was invented after some decades of cable TV programming. During the cold war era, the first satellite of DirecTV and Dish Network commenced into orbit. This had a high level of quality programming. Without this technology of DirecTV and Dish Network, there would have been no concept of high definition programming in the present era. This is due to the lack of ability and technology for cable programming to provide high definition programming. Therefore the advancements in the television industry were greatly boosted by DirecTV and the Dish Network. Sports programming is being lead by DirecTV and the movies area is being lead by the Dish Network. These two giant TV programming industries have made history in the television industry along with many future unfolds remaining to be revealed (Recent Technological Advancements in Television, 2012). The invention of television has evolved itself from a black and white mode to a color mode with 42 inch plasma screens and sound. The invention of television involves many people and has a long timeline involved but the first person to think about creating something like television was a true innovator. The television history lies with Philo Farnsworth. Philo was an American engineer and thought about transmission of picture when he was only 14 years old. In 1927, he was the first person to invent and transmit an image on television. The image was transmitted on the television via a dissector tube ((Wyckoff, 2008) Furthermore, the invention of mechanical TV was invented in the year 1884 by Paul Nipkow. He developed a technology of rotating disc that allowed pictures to be transmitted over the wire. This was the first ever scanning system in the areas of

The Feelings of Betty Friedmans on Womens Rights in The Feminine Essay

The Feelings of Betty Friedmans on Womens Rights in The Feminine Mystique - Essay Example However, looking at her own experience, she felt there was something wrong with the situation that urged her to look deeper and to conclude that something was amiss somewhere. This book ignited the consciousness of women on their rights to their own happiness. The interrelationship between social factors. The Feminine Mystique published in the United States in 1963 became controversial because of its contents that were contradictory to the women’s femininity at that time. In this book, Betty Friedman argued that women suffered unhappiness on a problem that she said had no name. On this, Friedman presented several factors that she thought were the causes of this unhappiness. Her theory was that â€Å"women have been encouraged to confine themselves to the narrow roles of housewife and mother, forsaking education and career aspirations in the process.† The interrelationship between political factors. In the later years after the war, Betty Friedman observed women going back to domesticity in spite of the rights won thru the â€Å"feminist struggle†. She took note of this as coming from political campaign she called â€Å"counter-revolution† against women after the World War II. To prove her theory that the pre-conceived idea of a â€Å"Happy Housewife† was not true, she made a research that confirmed her assertions to be right. She wanted to correct the adage that â€Å"the woman’s place is in the home†. Many people countered her contentions, and sexual counter-revolution took place. For example, in the work of Reed, she cited â€Å"Penis Envy† became the popular â€Å"psychological catch-all†, and was â€Å"the answer to women’s resentment against their inferior status.† The interrelationship between historical factors and her work. The conflict of reality on the lives of women after the World War II and the propaganda of the Happy Housewife program of the government led Friedman to think of the â€Å"mystique† in relation to her own life.

Study On The Visionary Of Leadership

Study On The Visionary Of Leadership A leader has a vision, humility and courage to learn and grow constantly and develop a vision of the future and a plan to achieve the vision by setting a direction which takes him to the success. Leadership makes ability in a person to do what they dont like and then they like to do it. In the Morden world only study of management will not help to solve the problems on the sufficient level. People who add the leadership role to their primary role have little or no need to fall back on the sanctions which support their authority. The organization culture and value depend on the quality leadership because the more important role of the leader is a motivation. In organization leadership increase the performance of other roles by motivation. Leadership has a critical role in the creation of successful organization. Leadership always related to outcomes and situational aspects. In organization leadership is an important factor (Arvonen, 2002; Yukl, 2006; Arnetz, 2005). Leadership theory traditionally included two dimensions derived from factor analysis. According to Arvonen, 2002 and Yukl, 2006 there are two dimensions relation and structure orientation. The balance between these dimensions as they relate to different desired organizational outcome and many researchers discussed about this from past several decades. Andersen 1995 says Leadership research assumes that leadership considerable influence people on organizational effectiveness but Winston Churchill define leadership concisely as a ability to influence people set aside their personal concerns and port a large agenda. Churchill made it clear that effective leaders motivate people to perform beyond and above the call of duty in order to enhance group success. Leadership effectiveness is not who exerts the most influence or who control the group. Churchill suggests that the leadership is the best source of the organizational competitive advantage. The other definition of leadership is that it is the act of engaging, satisfying and stimulating the motives of followers that take followers towards a mutually shared vision. This theory embraces three components; leader, followers and the context. There are different categories of leader which define different approaches of the leadership. Leaders who have vision, humility and courage makes them effective leader. This quality makes them visible and outstanding. They use their quality because they know what to do with themselves. Leader always has great relation with the people around him because the though power of leadership does not come from inside or personal character, its come when people love their leader and on the other hand leader must be a great supporter, encourager and he know what to do with their people, how they feel safe and the part of corporate community. Good leader always maintain proper communication and create effective leadership. Effective leader know how to use communication channels to create good environment in the organization. The very fearful communication channel in the organization is a clogged channel. Organization effectiveness or the root issue lies at the failure of the misunderstanding and the communication. Leader has to make a systematic work environment in the organization because leader knows that what is going on in the organization and he maintain the systemic or holistic picture of the organization. The big role of the leader in the organization is to help his people by systematic thinking. So different categories of the leaders make up components of the organization, the leader and the style of led and the most important is the connection between them that call as communication channel. The other category is to see organization in a systematic manner by different leadership style. Visionary Leadership The visionary leadership always joint to the disciple for the successful leadership. There are different type of leadership style which would help organization to move in a right way. Different types of leadership style have ability to change in the organization (Bas, 2002; Kanungo and Conger, 1998; Sashkin, 1998) the quality of visionary leadership is very much greater than before by estimating the change of the organization that will be a lot simply by some leaders. Need of vision The sustaining and sustainable vision is not something that can be built by a person or a group of a person in the organization. It shows the corporate future, which is something that could not be achieved by the few but can only be accomplished with synergy that emanates from the active participation of the all. The attainment of an organizational vision is based on the mobilisation of bias and the pursuit that mobilisation must be of the many not of the few. If the staffs work together on the task the organization can fulfil the goals that cant be achieve by one or two people. The characteristics of vision It is a comprehensive view of the future. It acts as a guide when dealing with uncertainty and complex events. It affords a means for overcoming employee inertia. It holds out the real prospect of the vision being changed and adapted. It indicates a change from the past and present to a new, dynamic future. It creates a context for individuals to locate their work schedules within a collective Framework. It draws people together in pursuit of a super ordinate goal. It provides a rationale for action. It presents a standard against which to judge and make choices. It serves as a means to align corporate activities. The characteristics of effective vision It meets the needs of the new, individual contribution, educated worker to be engaged in making valued, corporate efforts. It focuses energy on the outcome of collective effort and not simply upon the outcome of individual efforts. It depicts a whole, a totality, into which people can place themselves, their feelings and their attitudes. It unites and inspires people to make an extra effort in pursuit of collective and individual goals. It creates a positive attitude that people can expand in their own immediate work Environments. Literature Review The visionary leadership emerged in 1990 as a matter of utmost interest to go in various field including the education sector (Montagomery and Gowe 2003, Thomson 2003, Fehlis 2005), stazesky 2000, political science. The literature review of the management which include the origin, significant characteristics, visionary leadership process. The origin Mary Parker Follett has worked on the origin of visionary leadership, contribution, cooperation, group membership and participation as early as 75 years ago (McLamey and Rhyno 1990). Significant of leadership Significant of visionary leadership describe the success, growth of the corporate survival in the todays challenging environment. Determination of corporate success and failure According to Tellis (2006), the determination of corporate success and failure of the company is based on its internal culture. Likewisw has described the six leadership styles: visionary, affiliative, directive, coaching, participative and pace-setting. Peace-setting style is belongs to demotivating and low performing organization and the visionary, coaching, participative and affiliative styles present the high motivated and cultured organization. Visionary leadership as a powerful strategic device According to Chopra and Ahmad (2004, pp. 51-54) suggest that the visionary leaders share and express the organization mission and goals in a easy and simple way so that everybody can understand. Their vision statement is always in a tangible and easy understood way. Their vision and mission statement is to help for the management. Visionary leadership develop the clarity, flexibility and focus in the organization. It is use as a powerful strategic device for organization growth and to motivate the employees. Visionary leadership for full use of people potential Visionary leadership put people in to the highest possible realms of human potential. It helps to drive and awake the human inner strength and inspire the immense potential translation in to action. They spread the roots of their vision so that they take people in to the reality. They challenge, line between the inspired world and the material world of action. Stimulating innovation Based on Over 300 sample of company, Tellis and Chandi (1998) demonstrate that vision of the leader have put impact on the radical innova tion. According to Bob Webb (Motivation tool.com) visionary leader are building todays organizations and they are using human affects in a totally different way. Wal-Mart airlines give the beat example by moving responsibility to the frontline. By this decision employees got the full opportunity to develop their capability and the power of decision making. Characteristics of visionary leadership (convergent perspective) There are many convergent prospective of visionary leadership. According to Bennis (1990), the leaders of 21st century would have the power of creating the vision and turn that vision in to the reality. The leaders ensure that their followers are highly motivated and flexible to take necessary action to achieve the vision (White and Hodgson, 2002, p.184). Kahan (2002) says that visionary leadership is a transformative and power based inspiration; include the social responsibility as its modus operandi. Visionary leadership is to increase the performance. Westley and Mintzberg (1989) says that visionary leadership is a dynamic and its involves three stages- The vision of the desired future of the organization The vision should be shared and served Every follower must know that so they can enact the vision Starratt 1995 suggest that visionary leaders embrace with the sense of security and they know that one day the dream will come true. Vision gets shape according to sharing of the vision. Strong vision can define what will come and what will happen. Green (2006) says that visionary leaders are charismatic, super creative and inspiring with lots of possibilities that how vision can improve. They identify the contact and potential it into active energy. They try to find new ways of getting thing done. Malloy and Fontaine (2006) says that visionary leadership focuses on communication and clarity. Perspective of centre for visionary leadership Corinne McLaughlin (2006), executive director, centre for visionary leadership, asserts that visionary leader can see wonderful vision for the future. They have great inspiration with articulating as well as bringing those visions in to the world and transforming in the same way. They can effectively articulate their vision because they are creating specific goals. Leadership basically characterized by a clear inspirational vision, innovative action, commitment to core spiritual value and empowering relationship. Visionary leaders are equipped with a high level of commitment to spiritual values. They have a sense of energy and personal integrity. They are elevated by exercise more relation and the power. Moreover, the base of the leadership for them is inspirational positive picture of the future and the clear sense of direction in reaching there. They are marked of empowering relationship. They can create shared sense of vision. They transform paradigms or old mantel maps and evolve strategies which are outside the box of conventional thought. They focus on the opportunities not on the problems. The process of visionary leadership Visionary leadership comes as interactive, dynamic process and its available in a different forms. Westley and Mintzberg (1989) describe the visionary leadership by using the metaphor of drama. In the drama action and communication occur simultaneously. The audience, actor and the action and the ideas are all synchronized to form a united whole in the unfolding drama. Its all starts with the repetition. The actor has the excellent knowledge of the particular subject. Just as the actor rehearses for the moment they step on the stage, this moment of the vision is a visionary practice. This thought of vision is a leader communication. Leader creates all vision in to success, when repetition moves in performance. Westley and Mintzberg (1989) give the future assume that visionary leadership style comes in a varying form leader to leader and different variety of packages. The style of the leader may vary with the context in which it takes root and the content f the leaders vision. The theo ries of visionary leadership based on three assumptions; variety, dynamism and context/content. These three assumptions underpin their representation assistance model. The purpose of the study The empirical work on the visionary leadership is very little in India. Notwithstanding this lake of research literature, this is gratifying to suggest that in India. This assignment shows the visionary leadership quality of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam at Defence Research and Development Laboratory. Dr. Kalam presented his visionary leadership at DRDL by changing its demotivating and low -performing climate into energizing and high performing climate. Dr. Kalam used indigenous management techniques at DRDL. Vision of Dr. Kalam in organization change (implementation and outcome) In 1982 Dr. Kalam was appointed as a director of DRDL in Hyderabad. At that time DRDL was working on five staff project and sixteen build up projects. DRDL was working on many technologies oriented activities to get lead time for future project. At time of joining Dr. Kalam saw the different problems in the DRDL and he starts working on that. The problems of DRDL were- The demotivating and old low performing climate was the big problem of the organization. The scientists of DRDL were frustrated with the devil missile project. They were thinking that ministry of defence cheated them and all senior officers using them for their profit. The Tactical core vehicle was also pending from long time. Dr. Kalam decided that or good work he has to built a healthy climate which include the confidence and trust. He used indigenous management theory to build up the high performance and high energize climate at DRDL. He provided clear direction and effective communication to the confused team so that every buddy has good understanding and its helped them to launch (IGMDP) Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme. After some time the team performance reached on high level because of indigenous technique used by Dr. Kalam. Focus on Inside and outside communication system Dr. Kalam focuses on the effective communication which was not in the DRDL. Dr. Kalam got a chance to improve the communication between government and scientists when Admiral O.S. Dawson, the chief of naval staff visited the DRDL. Dr. Kalam takes this opportunity to make two way trusts through effective communication. Dr. Kalam shows the product plan and the battlefield capability of Tactical Core Vehicle. Dr. Kalam focuses its sea skimming role rather than as single core vehicle as present earlier. This information passed to every scientist in the DRDL in this own words Do not make anything which you cannot sell later and do no spend your life on making one thing only. Missile developed is a multi dimensional business if you remain in any one dimension for a long time, you will get suck. Dr. Kalam spends time in interacting with people and explains the future goal of DRDL. He tries to connect this goal to the people life in DRDL. During this time he came to now that scientist at DR DL had a high level of determination and an urge to go ahead. In earlier project they show that they have high level of motivation, based on this Dr. Kalam started the reviews at DRDL at various level to accomplish the precise specification. He also start inviting the professionals from outside laboratory (IITS, CSIR, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research) to contribute an useful knowledge. Clear direction to the team Dr. Kalam worked with ISRO and there he learned about visionary leadership from great visionarys prof. Vikram Sarabhai and Prof. Satish Dhawan. Dr. Kalam learned how make mission larger than life and how motivate people to achieve that. With these professors he learned that you should dream before your dream come true some people do hard work there goal of life and other people not able to move their feet because the confuse about what they want in life and how to achieve that. This was power for Dr. Kalam in DRDL because he knows the potential capability of scientist and he knows that they can fulfil the expectation of the Ministry of Defence. Dr. Kalam had a very professional team of scientist in the laboratory but he knows that there is a lake of leadership and guidance in the team. Dr. Kalam visualized that to increase the RD activities in the DRDL, technological and technical problems must be taken promptly. To achieve the goal he took the major decision, he made missile technology community of senior scientist where different issue can be discussed and debate as a collective process. The idea behind this community is the participation of all level of scientist and engineers to manage the laboratory activities. The organizational climate of DRDL was improved constantly. The new climate of DRDL helps in to the birth of Integrated Guided Missile Development programme (IGMDP). Launch of guided missile programme After improvement in the laboratory culture DRDL came with the Guided Missile Programme. This successful program happened because of Dr. Kalams vision for development of technology. Dr. Kalam always asserted himself that know where we are going. The great thing in the world is not so much in knowing where we stand and which direction we are going. Its help to accomplishing the technological competence as compare to Weston countries. At DRDL it was like driving force for the people. To complete the production of indigenous missiles, chairman formed the community. All people at DRDL welcome this proposal. Dr. Kalam made a presentation and question answer session at south block, New Delhi. Dr. Kalam presents the proposal and Dr. V.S. Arunachalam, who is scientific advisor of the defence minister, support him fully when doubts about the proposal. After this presentation defence minister asked Dr. Kalam to meet him in the evening. Mr. Venketaraman suggests that DRDL is not just making missile in phases, DRDL launch integrated guided missile development program. Dr. Kalam and Dr. Arunachalam together rework on the plans throughout the night. When plan was shown to the defence minister, he was visibly pleased. The new proposal was put up before the cabinet and it was approved with an amount of Rs. 388 crores. At the missile technology community, Dr. Kalam shows the government sanction letter, every buddy was motivated for the work. On 27, 1983 IGMPD was formally launched in the great event and every employee participated in the big success. Vision of Dr. Kalam to accomplish beyond the collective national capability Great visionary Dr. Kalam knew that government given them the sanction letter but this is only a 10 per cent of work done. In this operation the leader required who can put his heart and soul into this programme and carry hundreds of engineer and scientist with them. Dr. Kalam was thing beyond the collective national capability. He was convinced if he wants to achieve his goal; his team should work on basis of probability. For this goal he uses the indigenous approach of management technology. The other approach includes in this: capable project leader, pro-active follow-up, technology-oriented structure, collaborative efforts, motivation for outstanding performance, empowerment and spiritual guidance. Dr Kalam shows his power of leadership to finish this project with his team. Locating capable project leaders Dr. Kalam starts looking for capable leaders for five individual missile projects. He needs a leader who knows the clear goal and has a capability to perceive the goal. He needs a leader who can give energy all the time to his team working on various working centres. He discussed with engineers and the scientist on the different prospective because he need five project directors to train who will train twenty five future project directors and team leaders. He needs leaders who had the capability to grow the possibilities and were equipped with patience to explore all possible alternatives, who can put old principals of ideas to the new situations. He want leader to be flexible who share his power with others and work in teams, give fresh opinions, listening to wise counsel, respect intelligent people and delegate good jobs. He thought the leader should be capable in making good environment and resolve the conflicts. Overall leader should be capable to take failure in their stride and share both success and failure. Dr. Kalam creates a science council to provide an emotional outlet to the scientists. His thought at DRDL, that scientists were highly emotional persons. If they stumble its very difficult for them to pull together. Disappointment and setbacks were always problem for them. Dr. Kalam did not want any of them to face problem alone. He stopped making goals for them when they were at the low abb. The all issue of general importance were discussed by the council very openly. That time all scientists used to sit together and take common decision. In every three month all scientists including juniors, seniors, veterans and freshers could sit together and let off steam. Changing the dynamics of DRDL by empowering scientist The 250 young engineers and scientist change the dynamic of DRDL because of leadership of Dr. Kalam. The outstanding performance contributing ingredients of this leadership which include: believing, positive thinking, visualising and goal setting. The team leader enthused the young engineers and scientist about this goal. In the review meeting, Dr. Kalam says that the young scientist shows the very good team work and we got help to visualizing whole system. He said that climate of confidence and trust gradually developed. The young scientists start questioning to the senior associate on different issues. This helps them to become persons of power. Dr. Kalam kept the work environment on the higher level. He shows that he has the experience of the old science which mixed with his skills. The dependence between the experience and the young scientist made a very productive environment in the DRDL. At the time of joining DRDL, Dr. Kalam knew that the motivating people to get outstanding results were a challenging task. The behaviour of the individual is based on the environment of the work place. Most people possessed strong inner drive of growth, self-actualization and competence. However, the biggest problem had been the work environment at DRDL. Dr Kalam visualized the leader can accomplish his task with outstanding performance if he get the proper job design and organizational structure, and by appreciating and recognizing excellent work. According to Dr. Kalam he got the supportive environment while launching IGMDP. At that time the project was in design phase. The first reorganization increases the level of DRDL at least 40 to 50 per cent. In the second reorganization process, he used motivational inventory available at that time. According to Dr. Kalam there are three ingredients of motivational inventory of leadership: understand the people need which they satisfy in their jobs; influencing the peoples behaviour by using the power of positive reinforcement; and design the job based motivation and understand its impact. The second reorganization was very complex exercise managed effectively by Dr. Kalam. The young scientist performed outstanding work such as a world class strap down internal guidance system. It was an effective demonstration of the renewal factor. Dr. Kalam given enthusiasm to the young mind and he got the outstanding performance. Accomplishment at DRDL On September 16, 1985 the first missile program took place. The test was successful. The success of the missile program at DRDL shows to all engineer and scientist that it happened because of the visionary leadership of Dr. Kalam. This was followed by the successful test by the pilotless targeted aircraft. On February 25, 1988 the DRDL launched the Prithvi missile. DRDL create an epoch making event in the history of rocketing in the country. By launching Prithvi missile DRDL give the basic model of all the future guided missile in the country. On May 22, 1989 DRDL give the perfect launched of Agni. After that DRDL became the finest laboratory for the world. This was the greatest moment for DRDL as well as for Dr. Kalam. The national defence became stronger after Agni launched. Overall success of DRDL is belonging to Dr. Kalam. The nation celebrated the success of its missile program very first on Republic day 1990. Dr. Kalam was awarded by Padma Shree. He retired from DRDL on 15 October 1991. DRDL got lots of success in his leadership and many successful changes when he was director. Still DRDL working on the same direction which Dr. Kalam shown to the company. Conclusion Dr. Kalam worked as a director of DRDL and he showed his brilliant visionary leadership at the company. He worked hard and tried to give his best for the DRDL. Dr. Kalam showed three different characteristics of his leadership style. He has very clear far reaching and encompassing vision. This vision embraced goals and ideas which remained constant no matter how long it took to actualize him despite difficulties which he encountered. Dr. Kalam never allowed any of the means of actions on the way to invalidate this vision and its constituent values. The second characteristic is that DR. Kalam was skilful in creating and designing appropriate organizational culture which helped him to achieve his ideas and vision. The design of such organizational culture was the most lasting contribution of Dr. Kalam. These cultures embodied enduring values, beliefs and vision which were shared by the organization members even subsequently. The third characteristic is that Dr. Kalam attracted others t o follow him in seeking attainment of the vision. Dr. Kalam is a charismatic person because he was able to instil in others beliefs, values and ideas of his vision so as to empower them to move beyond the expectations of Dr. Kalam and their own. Dr. Kalam demonstrate a high level of moral capacity and intellectual, over the long period of time, to maintain coherency between foals, short term action and long range if ideas. The visionary leadership style followed by Dr. Kalam and he shows how vision for exceptional results can be turned in to reality by sharing with the people and for outperform we have to inspire them. The new age leaders need to understand that outstanding performance can be accomplish by having utmost focus on organizational climate, organizational structure, quality of leadership, job deign effective communication, proactive follow up, empowerment, collaboration, internal motivation, team work and spirituality. Plan for future development of my own leadership After analysing of some practical and theoretical aspects of leadership styles I constructed a list of list of desired visionary leadership style, which should be developed be me, to go higher level of leadership capability. To become the leader of 21st century I must see the leaders work, especially those engaged in the task of development which involving management of technology globally. The performance of the organization depends on its climate. I must diagnose this problem and find a de motivating and low performing climate in the organization and I must make concerted effort gradually to transform it into a high performance and energizing climate. I should use effective communication which include inside and outside interaction. I must share my vision with the people and discuss the clear goal of organization. As a leader I must work in a team and provide the proper direction toward people have to move. Participation in management I can use to involve people in the affairs of the organization. As a leader to accomplish outstanding performance I must assess the existing structure of my organization. I should see the source of full utilization of human resource and effective way to achieve the goals. I must evolve a suitable structure with a comprehensive discussion with the people. To become a good leader I should grow with the possibilities, I should share my power with the people and work in a team, grow my capability to resolve the conflicts and carry people with me and channelize their energy towards the goal. I must respect people and delegate work of worthy of their talents to them. As leader I must make arrangement in the organization to provide emotional outlet to the people and help them to release their day to day disappointment and setbacks so that people can express their view points freely and the issue of general importance. I should use pro active follow up activity for repaid growth. If required I must develop collaboration between the organizational units and outside organizations. To improve the future organizational climate of my company and to get outstanding performance I must focus on the goal setting, visualizing, believing and positive thinking. I can do this by empower young people. As leader I have to understand that there exists an internal motivation with in individuals which can be taken to the attainment of outstanding performance. This can be done by job designs to satisfy higher order needs of people. I need to use my super power to accomplish my outstanding performance like Dr. Kalam. So to become a good leader I must consider all theories of leadership and the great leader how create new ways to make people follow them.

Free Nature vs. Nurture Essay :: Nature Nurture Biology Socialization Essays

The Nature vs. Nurture Debate   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being yourself, being who you are. When you hear those two lines you may think they mean the same thing but do they? Think about it, you were born into this world a tiny little baby with no ideas, or preferences, but as you grew you developed a personal identity, but did it really develop or was it in you to begin with. Such questions are what leads to the great debate of nature vs nurture. If you believe you were born already with a personality, then you take the side of nature. on the other hand if you believe that your personality developed based on influences in your life beginning when you were a child then you believe in nurture. Two totally different theories, both which are believed to make us who we are.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nature, the more scientific theory of the two, is the belief that hereditary traits found in our genes make us who we are, believable but not very convincing when we consider the theory of nurture. Human beings learn new things everyday, as soon as we come in to the world, our learning process begins. As a newborn baby, we slowly learn and adapt in order to survive in a new environment which is unlike that of our mothers wombs, our first environment in which we first grew, adapted to and developed in. The home environment parents and siblings play a huge role in determining personality. Influences from outside the family are also very important to the development of ones personality. But everything starts at home.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One can't enjoy snowboarding or claim to like it, until one tries it, without the experience its impossible to say you enjoyed it. Correct? Or do you think its already embedded in you're genes that you'll like snowboarding. Unlikely right? Exactly, experiences and influences are what make us who we are. On the other hand think about it, what if you went snowboarding for the first time and broke your arm; deciding then that you hated snowboarding. Well then it couldn't have been embedded in your genes that you'd like it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scientists make a good point about genes but I believe physical aspects come through genetics, but that personality development is shaped based solely on how a person has been nurtured through their lives. All children are bad at one time in their lives; consider this, a 4 year old girl throws a book at her brother, and is punished she is put in the corner.

Criticism on the Novel Essay

Nature setting are explicit Page 30: â€Å"When I was about fifteen years old we had retired to our house near Belrive, when we witnessed a most violent and terrible thunderstorm. It advanced from behind the mountains of Jura, and the thunder burst at once with frightful loudness from various quarters of the heavens. I remained with curiosity and delight. As I stood at the door, on a beautiful oak which stood about twenty yards from our house; and so soon as the dazzling light vanished, the oak had disappeared, and nothing remained but a blasted stump. [†¦] It was not splintered from the shock, but entirely reduced to thin ribbons of wood.† Foreshadowing?: power of electricity sparks his attention, if it can destroy something so quickly, why can’t it bring dead flesh to life? Scientific descriptions lack important information Page 48: â€Å"It was already one in the morning; the rain pattered dismally against the panes, and my candle was nearly burnt out, when, by the glimmer of the half-extinguished light, I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open; it breathed hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs.† We see how she was a poet in this quote: she gives more descriptions of the surroundings than the scientific aspect of which many people long for. Obviously shows the lack of knowledge displayed by Mary Shelly. Countries are â€Å"close together† Shows once again how much knowledge Mary Shelly had regarding geography. It sparks attention when she says that it takes longer to go from Geneva to Ingolstadt (a total of 413.6 miles) than it is to go to England. Monster has superhuman abilities yet he is made from human parts Page 70: â€Å"I thought of pursuing the devil, but it would have been in vain, for another flash discovered him to me hanging among the rocks of the nearly perpendicular ascent of Mont Saleve, a hill that bounds Plainpalais on the south. He soon reached the summit and disappeared.† Stereotyping of the Turkish and Irish people If Frankenstein had already created a monster, why did he need help from some other scientists for the creation of another monster? Page 153: â€Å"I found that I could not compose a female without again devoting several months to profound study and laborious disquisition. I had heard of some discoveries having been made by an English philosopher, he knowledge of which was material to my success [†¦]† The Monster tells Frankenstein how he’s survived mobs throwing rocks and several other projectiles and such, yet Frankenstein never stops trying to think he can kill the monster. Page 206: â€Å"[†¦] the monster whom I had created, the miserable demon whom I had sent abroad into the world for my destruction. I was possessed by a maddening rage when I thought of him, and desired and ardently prayed that I might have him within my grasp to wreak a great and signal revenge on his cursed head.† All quotes from Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein

Free Essays on The Purpose Of Upton Sinclair

The purpose of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle was to bring the grim conditions of Chicago’s meatpacking industry and its workers to the American public’s attention. After Sinclair was commissioned to investigate labor conditions in the Chicago stockyards he wrote about his observations in The Jungle. He points out that labor unions have failed because in the so-called competitive system owners can also organize. He stresses the capitalistic system in comparison to the socialist reforms. However, the book did not bring about the socialist reforms that Sinclair thought were needed. It does provide many historical events in vivid descriptions which supported the contrasts between capitalist views and socialist reforms. The book begins with the wedding of Jurgis Rudkus and Ona Lukeszaite. In a flashback the explanation of the characters coming to America is described. Ona decides to come to America after her father dies and leaves her with little money. Jurgis joins Ona, Ona’s family, and his family to journey to America. They settle down in a Chicago area known as Packtown, the center of Chicago’s meatpacking industry. As an immigrant Jurgis sees his new home as a hard, dangerous, and filthy place to live. People are having difficulty getting jobs. However, Jurgis gets a job right away because of his physical strength. His job is shoveling guts at Browns. He is shown a tour of the facilities. This is where hard reality sets in. As he starts his job he witnesses the butchering of injured, diseased, or dead cattle that are unfit to eat. As winter comes things become even harsher. Antanes, Jurgis’ father, dies in a cold cellar. Jurgis is forced to work in an unheated packing house. Because of bad weather, work is shorter hours and less pay. This is the time when Jurgis realizes that possibly by joining a union things could change for the better. He slowly begins to understand politics and bribery. He becomes a ... Free Essays on The Purpose Of Upton Sinclair Free Essays on The Purpose Of Upton Sinclair The purpose of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle was to bring the grim conditions of Chicago’s meatpacking industry and its workers to the American public’s attention. After Sinclair was commissioned to investigate labor conditions in the Chicago stockyards he wrote about his observations in The Jungle. He points out that labor unions have failed because in the so-called competitive system owners can also organize. He stresses the capitalistic system in comparison to the socialist reforms. However, the book did not bring about the socialist reforms that Sinclair thought were needed. It does provide many historical events in vivid descriptions which supported the contrasts between capitalist views and socialist reforms. The book begins with the wedding of Jurgis Rudkus and Ona Lukeszaite. In a flashback the explanation of the characters coming to America is described. Ona decides to come to America after her father dies and leaves her with little money. Jurgis joins Ona, Ona’s family, and his family to journey to America. They settle down in a Chicago area known as Packtown, the center of Chicago’s meatpacking industry. As an immigrant Jurgis sees his new home as a hard, dangerous, and filthy place to live. People are having difficulty getting jobs. However, Jurgis gets a job right away because of his physical strength. His job is shoveling guts at Browns. He is shown a tour of the facilities. This is where hard reality sets in. As he starts his job he witnesses the butchering of injured, diseased, or dead cattle that are unfit to eat. As winter comes things become even harsher. Antanes, Jurgis’ father, dies in a cold cellar. Jurgis is forced to work in an unheated packing house. Because of bad weather, work is shorter hours and less pay. This is the time when Jurgis realizes that possibly by joining a union things could change for the better. He slowly begins to understand politics and bribery. He becomes a ...

Compare and contrast approaches to Tonality in New York Counterpoint, String Quartet number 8 by Shostakovich and Quartet by Webern Essay Example

Compare and contrast approaches to Tonality in New York Counterpoint, String Quartet number 8 by Shostakovich and Quartet by Webern Essay Example Compare and contrast approaches to Tonality in New York Counterpoint, String Quartet number 8 by Shostakovich and Quartet by Webern Essay Compare and contrast approaches to Tonality in New York Counterpoint, String Quartet number 8 by Shostakovich and Quartet by Webern Essay Essay Topic: Web Compare and contrast approaches to Tonality in New York Counterpoint, String Quartet number 8 by Shostakovich and Quartet by Webern.As these pieces are all from the 20th century, each of the composers added their own interpretations with regards to tonality. I aim to analyse each piece in the context of tonality in order to answer this question.New York Counterpoint (NYC) by Steve Reich is tonal which means it makes use of a conventional key which is B major. This can be seen from the five sharps of the key signature (and lack of D naturals and F naturals.) In fitting with the key of B major, all the notes Reich uses in NYC are from the B major scale which makes the piece entirely diatonic.Although the piece is tonal and diatonic, Reich does not make use of functional harmony. This can be seen because of the lack of cadences and chord structures. The notes of the ostinati in the first section (bars 1-26) are based on chords four and five (E major, and F# major.) For example, in the f irst two bars beat 1 of bar 1 uses the noes A and C (chord V) then, the three semi quavers contain all the notes of chord IV (EGB) and the A and F just after beat four are from chord V. In the second bar, this trend continues; just after beat 1 notes from chord five are used (F and C in clarinet 7 and C and A in clarinet 8 and so on. Here, it is important to note that the notes from each chord only sound with notes from the same chord, no overlapping of notes is heard.This is a contrast to what happens later in the piece. Later in the piece, tonal blurring occurs which means that the notes from different chords (chords IV and V) sound at the same which results in a slightly dissonant blurred harmony. There is a good example of this at bar 22 on the penultimate semiquaver beat: The live clarinet and clarinet 3 are playing an E and clarinet 6 is playing a B, these notes partly make up chord four. Also, on this same beat, clarinet 1 is playing an A# and clarinet 4 is playing an F# whic h make up chord 5. Because these notes sound together, the notes that are heard together is B, E, F#, A#. Some of these notes are from chord four and some chord five which results in the blurred tonality because they sound simultaneously. The reason that this tonal blurring occurs is because of phasing which is the process of adding a rest before or after the ostinati pattern. In this example, the live clarinet and clarinet six are one beat out of phase (crotchet rest at the beginning of bar 17) which means the ostinati pattern (C#, B, G#, E) now starts a beat later than it did in bar 1. (unclear)Another tonal device that Reich uses in NYC is the pulsating chords found at bar 27 in clarinets 7, 8, 9 and bass clarinet 10. Here, Reich adds extra dissonances to the chords. For example, on the last two semi quaver beats of bar 27 the notes that are heard are F# (cl7), B# (cl8), D# (b. Cl 9) and a C# in the bass clarinet 10. The notes make up the chord of B major (BD#F#) however the diss onance of a C# is added which creates unclear harmony. This dissonance is then extended when the chords change in bar 33. The notes heard are A#, D#, G# and E. These notes dont make up any conventional chord therefore, creating dissonance in the tonality.String quartet 8 by Shostakovich is a tonal work in the key of C minor, this can be deduced from the key signature and the accidentals of B natural. However, the C minor tonality is unclear and undermined from the start due to the different keys that each of the DSCH motives enter in. The cello enters in the key of C minor (D, Eb, C, Bnatural are all from the C minor scale.) The viola enters in the key of G minor (A natural, Bb, G and F# from G minor scale.) The 2nd violin enters in C minor (same notes as cello but an octave higher.) Finally, the 1st violin enters in bar 5 in the key of F minor (G, Ab, F, E natural all from F minor scale.)It is also interesting how Shostakovich uses all twelve notes of the chromatic scale by bar 6 w hich firstly shows no evidence for a diatonic nature in the melody but also links the piece (weakly) with serialist techniques.Although there is little strong evidence of functional tonality reflecting the arch form structure throughout the piece, there is an element of functional harmony found at the end of the first section. The first section (A) is from bars 1-27 (characterised by its contrapuntal exploration of the DSCH motif) and towards the end (from bars 24-26) there is a hint of a functional perfect cadence. This is because in bar 24 the notes used at beat 3 (lowest to highest on score) are: F, F, Ab, C. This makes up chord four in C minor.The next chord used is chord five in C minor at the beginning of bar 25, the notes uses are: G, D, Ab, Bnatural. This is a major version of chord five (G, B, D) with the Ab (that drops a tone to G in the 3rd beat of 25) acting as a 9-8 suspension. Finally, the chord used at the start of bar 26 is chord 1, the notes are C, C, G, C. However, there is the absence of the third note which shows whether the chord is a major or minor, so although the progression as gone IV, V, I (traditional, functional harmony) the functional harmony is not so strict because it is not a proper chord I used to finalise the cadence and section A.Another tonal device that Shostakovich uses is the presence of a double pedal note on notes one (C) and five (G) of C minor. This is found in the B section (bars 27-44) in the 2nd violin, viola and cello and lasts for 17 bars. Again, there is no 3rd to make the tonality of this double pedal major or minor, creating an ambiguous feeling by the use of bare, open fifths.Unlike NYC and Shostakovichs string quartet, Weberns Quartet is completely atonal. Its atonal because the piece is composed using serialist techniques. This means that Webern has created a tone row which is constructed from all 12 notes of the chromatic scale, not in order and none repeated. This has the effect of placing no importance o n a single note. The prime order tone row can be head in the tenor saxophone from bars 6-10.Because no importance is placed on a single note, it removes all the traditional and conventional elements that were laid out by 17th/18th/19th century tonality. The music isnt centred on the tonic, it has no key, it has no cadences and no deliberate harmonic chords that accompany a supporting melody. Although, there are chords they are simply a result of different perumatations of the cantus firums (prime row) overlapping, such as the climatic point at 22 and 23. In other words, any notes that sound together are not a result of deliberate harmony. There is no harmony in this work.However, it is still interesting how the structure of the Quartet is a traditional sonata form. Conventionally, a traditional sonata form would have made use of functional harmony with modulations and different keys for different sections. As previously stated, the Quartet does none of this therefore it is an exampl e of Webern using a traditional structure in a 20th century manner.

Genetics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Genetics - Essay Example This was done to obtain the RAD51+/- cells (EMBO, 1998). Then, the RAD51+/- cells have been transpected with conditional human Rad51 expression constructs to obtain RAD51+/- cells carrying the constructs at random sites on the chromosome (RAD51+/-/HsRAD51)." (, 1998) Finally, the RAD51 construct that contained the blasticidin was then transpected into "several RAD51+/-/HsRAD51 clones to isolate RAD51-/-/HsRAD51 clones." (EMBO, 1998) The targeting process is shown in figures one and two. In order to target the necessary genes, a probe and southern blot analysis were used to indicate the knockout constructs. Samples of the cells and genetic material were loaded onto five different lanes and were combined with SDS-polyacrylamide gel. The three samples were the wild-type DT40, which was loaded onto lane 1, the RAD51+/-, which was loaded onto the second lane, a RAD51+/- clone that contained the human Rad51 transgene, which was loaded onto the third lane, #110 RAD51-/- clone was placed onto the fourth lane, and a human B lymphocyte line Ramos was loaded onto the fifth lane (EMBO, 1998). The targeting probe was constructed of A chicken RAD51 (GdRAD51) cDNA, and this probe was used to isolate the genomic clones that were of the RAD51 locus. These clones were, in part, sequenced to determine the position of the exons. Approximately "5.5 kb of the GdRAD51 locus was then amplified by long-range PCR using genomic DNA from DT40 as a template." (EMBO, 1998) Targeting events were determined by using southern blot analysis. From the targeting process, we also have found out that when RAD51 is deleted, a buildup of cells occurs in the g2/m phase, and the cells then die (EMBO, 1998). - Propose an alternative conditional targeting strategy for the Same paper (250 words 20%) Another tactic could have been used to target the RAD51 gene and could possibly achieve the same results in the experiment. This is known to researchers as siRNA. Though this technology is fairly new, it is effective at targeting certain genes, nonetheless. According to a particular FAQ concerning siRNA, it is stated that siRNA is an effective technology in knocking out genes, as well as testing resistance or sensitivities to certain drugs. Just like the method of gene targeting, certain gene sequences can be achieved in humans or in mice, so long as these genes are correctly aligned ( While a bit less labor intensive, the same results can possibly be achieved in the experiment using siRNA. After all, the technology has been designed to reach a common goal. This goal is to experiment and further the research in genetics. - Discuss advantages and disadvantages of siRNA versus Gene Targeting as tools for Reverse Genetics (500 words 30%) When working with reverse genetics, there are two tools that are known for their effectiveness. These tools are siRNA and gene targeting. Both of these tools use in depth technologies to aid in

The use of videos in FL teaching and learning Assignment

The use of videos in FL teaching and learning - Assignment Example The paper provides the possible constraints of using the method to facilitate teaching and learning and the paper also provides the assessment of the use f the method in teaching. The paper concludes with recommendations and summarization of the main points discussed in the paper. Video refers to anything that relates to or the use transmitted images or the whole process or receiving images through a television or a computer. A video can involve images which are normally displayed on television sets or n computers. Videos can be exploited in various ways in order to make sure that there is creation of motivation, memorable instance and involvement of all the learners. On the other side, watching a video can sometimes be passive and therefore, other teaching methods should be used together with the use of video in the teaching and learning of a foreign language (Brian 2008 p. 77-79). Before any teacher uses the video in class, it is important for him or her to check it or go through i t to make sure that it only contains the relevant materials to be taught in class. Such a teacher should also compare his or her lesson plans from other institutions which use videos in the teaching and learning of a foreign language to make sure that it is effective and how such a lesson plan can be improved. The teacher should also make sure that the chosen video demonstrates the specific topic that it was meant for. With so doing, the teaching and learning of a foreign language through the use of a video can be effective and the same time successful (Hadley 1993 p. 16-21). Benefits of using Videos The use of video materials in the classroom environment can give a big favor to the learners through providing them with motivation to learn the foreign language. The learners are motivated to learn the foreign language since they are presented the real language and this provides the learners with a positive look and perception at the culture. Video clips give a representation of the au thentic environment of the foreign culture and also provides the learners with practical examples of how the foreign language operates and functions. The use of video clips presents the learners with authentic language interaction and also it shows both the verbal and nonverbal components of the language. In the non verbal components of the language, the videos materials provide the eye movements and facial expressions, body language, and space language of the native speakers of the language (Joseph 1999 p. 206- 209). One of the benefits of using videos in the teaching and learning of foreign language is that it creates experience in learners. With creating the experience, the video clips provide sensory experience which makes the ideas and the concepts in the video to be like real life experiences thus guiding the learners in the adventure. The other benefit of using video is that it turns a classroom to an interactive place throughout the learning process. This makes all the learn ers to enjoy the learning session and at the same time retain most f the information and knowledge they get from the videos. The other benefit is that the use of video in the teaching and learning complements traditional approaches which are used in the learning process. Effective use of the videos connects the knowledge already with the learners with the learning objectives contained in